亞洲冷鏈 2020年第1期——中國冷鏈行業發展近況

時間：2023-07-12 19:56:13來源：admin01欄目：冷鏈新聞閱讀：

中國冷鏈市場規模及產業現狀：根據國家統計局發布的2013-2019年數據，中國易腐食品的總產量巨大且在逐年遞增（表1），易腐食品總產量超過13億噸。長期以來中國易腐食品在流通環節中損失嚴重，以果蔬、肉類和水產品為例，其流通腐損率分別達到20-30%、12%、15%（發達國家僅為5%）。中國易腐食品產量巨大且腐損率高，大量易腐食品在產銷過程中的損耗和變質造成了社會資源的巨大浪費。

表1 2013-2019年中國主要易腐食品總產量（萬噸）

根據2019版《全國冷鏈物流企業分布圖》不完全統計數據：2019年全國冷庫容量為4600萬噸（目前冷庫容量處于世界第一），同比新增庫容增長率為6.7%，冷藏車保有量為132042臺，其中自有冷藏車量40946輛，社會冷藏車量91096輛。據相關機構數據顯示，預測2020年中國冷鏈物流市場規模將突破5000億元。

中國冷鏈區域發展規劃：以粵港澳大灣區為例：粵港澳大灣區包括香港特別行政區、澳門特別行政區和廣東省廣州市、深圳市、珠海市、佛山市、惠州市、東莞市、中山市、江門市、肇慶市（簡稱為珠三角九市），總面積5.6萬平方公里，2017年末總人口約7000萬人，是我國開放程度最高、經濟活力最強的區域之一，粵港澳大灣區建設是在國家發展大局中具有重要戰略地位；中共中央、國務院印發了《粵港澳大灣區發展規劃綱要》（規劃近期至2022年，遠期展望到2035年）中特別指出：“推進粵港澳物流合作發展，大力發展第三方物流和冷鏈物流，提高供應鏈管理水平，建設國際物流樞紐” ；加速現代綜合交通運輸體系形成，推進粵港澳物流合作發展，目前大灣區冷鏈物流產業正以年增長率20%快速發展，粵港澳大灣區居民生鮮消費增長超過100％。

中國冷鏈發展相關政策：近期，中央及多部門出臺了多項針對促進冷鏈產業發展的扶持政策，如：《關于抓好“三農”領域重點工作確保如期實現全面小康的意見》（2020）、《關于開展首批國家骨干冷鏈物流基地建設工作的通知》（2020）等，大力促進冷鏈產業發展。中央一號文件《中共中央國務院關于抓好“三農”領域重點工作確保如期實現全面小康的意見》（2020）中，特別強調了要將“做好‘三農’領域補短板”作為重要今年的重要工作方向，現全國各地區紛紛響應將大力推進“三農”領域補短板項目庫建設工作，大力將農產品冷鏈產業相關的項目作為重點建設項目，其中將會重點支持“農產品倉儲保鮮冷鏈物流設施建設工程”，可以預見未來與農產品冷鏈相關的行業將會快速發展，勢必對于我國冷鏈發展是一極大利好消息。

國家發展改革委辦公廳3月16日印發《關于開展首批國家骨干冷鏈物流基地建設工作的通知》。《通知》提出要以構建國家層面的骨干冷鏈物流基礎設施網絡為目標，以整合存量冷鏈物流資源為主線，重點向高附加值生鮮農產品（包括果蔬、畜禽、奶制品、水產品、花卉等）優勢產區和集散地，依托存量冷鏈物流基礎設施群建設一批國家骨干冷鏈物流基地，整合集聚冷鏈物流市場供需、存量設施以及農產品流通、生產加工等上下游產業資源，提高冷鏈物流規模化、集約化、組織化、網絡化水平，支持生鮮農產品產業化發展，促進城鄉居民消費升級”。國家發改委將通過中央預算內投資等渠道，對首批國家骨干冷鏈物流基地范圍內符合條件的項目建設予以支持，推動提高基地的冷鏈綜合服務能力。支持范圍包括：公共服務型冷庫、配套基礎設施以及其他相關設施。

以下為英文版：

Cold chain market scale and industry status in China: According to the 2013-2019 data released by the National Bureau of Statistics of China， the total output of perishable food in China is huge and increasing year by year (Table 1)， and the total output of perishable food exceeds 1.3 billion tons. For a long time， Chinas perishable food has suffered serious losses in the circulation process. Taking fruits and vegetables， meat and aquatic products as examples， the circulation corruption rates are 20-30%， 12% and 15% respectively (only 5% in developed countries). The production of perishable food in China is huge and the rate of perishable food is high.

Table 1 Total output of main perishable food

in China in 2013-2019 (10000 tons)According to incomplete statistical data in the distribution map of national cold chain logistics enterprises (2019 Edition): in 2019， the national cold storage capacity is 46 million tons (No.1 in the world) with a year-on-year growth rate of 6.7%， and the number of refrigerated vehicles is 132042， including 40946 self-owned refrigerated vehicles and 91096 social refrigerated vehicles. It is predicted that the scale of Chinas cold chain logistics market will exceed 500 billion CNY in 2020.Chinas cold chain regional development plan:Take Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area as an example: Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area include Hong Kong Special Administrative Region， Macao Special Administrative Region， Guangzhou， Shenzhen， Zhuhai， Foshan， Huizhou， Dongguan， Zhongshan， Jiangmen and Zhaoqing (Nine cities in the Pearl River Delta)， with a total area of 56，000 square kilometers and a total population of about 70 million at the end of 2017. It is one of the regions with the highest degree of opening and the strongest economic vitality in China. The construction of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area plays an important strategic role in the overall situation of national development. “Development planning outline of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area” issued by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council (the short term to 2022 and the long term to 2035) particularly pointed out that "to promote the development of logistics cooperation among Guangdong， Hong Kong and Macao， vigorously develop the third-party logistics and cold chain logistics， improve the level of supply chain management， and build an international logistics hub". Accelerate the formation of modern comprehensive transportation system and promote the logistics cooperation among Guangdong， Hong Kong and Macao. At present， the cold chain logistics industry in this district is developing rapidly with an annual growth rate of 20%， and the fresh food consumption of residents has increased by more than 100%.

Chinas cold chain development related policies:In recent years， the central government and many departments have issued a number of supporting policies to promote the development of cold chain industry. In No. 1 Central Government Document (2020) “Opinions on Grasping the Key Work in the Field of Agriculture， Rural Areas and Farmers to Ensure the Realization of a Well-off Society”， the emphasis is laid on the importance of "making up the short board for agriculture， rural areas and farmers" as an important work direction for this year. Now all regions of the country vigorously take the related projects of the cold chain industry as the key construction projects， among which will focus on supporting "construction project of cold chain logistics facilities for preservation of agricultural products". It can be predicted that the industry related to cold chain of agricultural products will develop rapidly in the future， which is bound to be good news for the development of cold chain in China.

“Notice on the Construction of the First Batch of National Backbone Cold Chain Logistics Bases” was issued by General Office of National Development and Reform Commission on March 16. According to the notice， “with the goal of building a backbone cold chain logistics infrastructure network at the national level and the main line of integrating the stock cold chain logistics resources， we should focus on the advantageous production areas and distribution centers of high value-added fresh agricultural products (including fruits and vegetables， livestock and poultry， dairy products， aquatic products， flowers， etc.); build a batch of national backbone cold chain logistics bases relying on the inventory cold chain logistics infrastructure group; integrate the supply and demand of cold chain logistics market， stock facilities， circulation of agricultural products， production and processing and other upstream and downstream industrial resources; improve the scale， intensification， organization and networking level of cold chain logistics; support the industrialization development of fresh agricultural products， and promote the consumption upgrading of urban and rural residents”. National Development and Reform Commission will support the construction of qualified projects within the scope of the first batch of national backbone cold chain logistics bases through investment within the budget of central goverment and other channels to promote the improvement of the bases cold chain comprehensive service capacity. The scope of support includes: public service cold storage， supporting infrastructure and other related facilities.

責任編輯：戰斌飛

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