冷鏈物流的含義

冷鏈是指為了保持藥品、食品等產品的品質，從生產到消費過程中，始終使其處于恒定低溫狀態的一系列整體冷藏解決方案、專門的物流網絡和供應鏈體系。冷鏈物流運作的目的是為了保質并最大可能延長物品的關鍵質量屬性。

Cold chain refers to a series of overall refrigeration solutions， specialized logistics networks and supply chain systems that keep them in a constant low temperature state from production to consumption in order to maintain the quality of medicines， food and other products. The purpose of cold chain logistics operations is to maintain quality and maximize the key quality attributes of items.

冷鏈物流主要指需冷藏冷凍的物品或保鮮品(一般是低溫或恒溫)，在生產加工、儲藏保管、運輸與配送，直至最終用戶消費的各個環節中，始終處于規定的溫度和保鮮技術保障下，以期更長時間地保持物品的關鍵屬性和質量安全，并減少損耗的專項物流。冷鏈物流作為附加值比較高的物流服務，是物流企業必須具有相應設施設備才能追求的重要市場，目前已經成為一些物流企業盈利的主要業務之一

Cold chain logistics mainly refers to items or fresh-keeping products that need to be refrigerated and frozen (usually low temperature or constant temperature)， which are always at the specified temperature and fresh-keeping technology in all aspects of production， processing， storage， transportation and distribution， and consumption by the end user. In order to maintain the key attributes and quality and safety of items for a longer time， and reduce the loss of special logistics. As a logistics service with relatively high added value， cold chain logistics is an important market that logistics companies must have corresponding facilities and equipment to pursue. At present， it has become one of the main profitable businesses of some logistics companies.

冷鏈物流的特點

溫度控制：不同的產品在冷鏈物流中需要保持不同的溫度、運作成本：冷鏈物流投資大，運營維護成本高、時效性：冷鏈物流時效性要求高、作業環境要求高：冷鏈物流倉儲與運輸環節作業更具體、質量要求：對食品類質量安全要求高，一般要進行溯源管理、設備：冷鏈物流裝卸設備要求特殊，專用化程度高。

Temperature control: Different products need to maintain different temperatures in cold chain logistics. Operation cost: cold chain logistics investment is large， operation and maintenance costs are high， timeliness: cold chain logistics requires high timeliness， high operating environment requirements: cold chain logistics Storage and transportation links are more specific and quality requirements: high requirements for food quality and safety， traceability management is generally required， equipment: cold chain logistics handling equipment requires special requirements and a high degree of specialization.

冷鏈物流的作業對象

冷鏈物流作業對象主要是一些在常溫下無法正常保質的物品，或者為了某種目的，追求更長保質期的物品，主要包括：①農產品，如蔬菜、水果，肉、禽、蛋、水產品、花卉等；②加工食品和速凍食品，如禽、肉、水產等包裝熟食，冰淇淋和奶制品，快餐原料等；③特殊商品和藥品、化工危險品等。

Cold-chain logistics operations are mainly items that cannot be normally kept in quality at room temperature， or items that pursue a longer shelf life for some purpose， mainly including: ①Agricultural products， such as vegetables， fruits， meat， poultry， eggs， aquatic products， Flowers， etc.; ②Processed foods and quick-frozen foods， such as packaged cooked foods such as poultry， meat， aquatic products， ice cream and dairy products， fast food raw materials， etc.; ③Special commodities and drugs， chemical dangerous goods， etc.

通過作業對象的不同，我們可以將冷鏈物流分為：肉類冷鏈物流、冷凍飲品冷鏈物流、乳品冷鏈物流、果蔬花卉冷鏈物流、谷物冷鏈物流、速凍食品冷鏈物流、藥品冷鏈物流、其他特殊物品冷鏈物流、水產品冷鏈物流。

According to the different operation objects， we can divide the cold chain logistics into: meat cold chain logistics， frozen beverage cold chain logistics， dairy cold chain logistics， fruit， vegetable and flower cold chain logistics， grain cold chain logistics， frozen food cold chain logistics， pharmaceuticals Cold chain logistics， cold chain logistics for other special items， cold chain logistics for aquatic products.

冷鏈物流的現狀

冷鏈物流理念推廣薄弱、冷鏈設施相對落后、冷鏈第三方物流發展滯后、冷鏈系統標準化有待完善、信息化水平低下。

The promotion of cold chain logistics concepts is weak， cold chain facilities are relatively backward， the development of cold chain third-party logistics is lagging， cold chain system standardization needs to be improved， and the level of informatization is low.

冷鏈物流控制

冷鏈流程控制是冷鏈物流運作的關鍵點，通過對流程的有效控制，實現冷鏈運作流程優化。由于從某種意義上來說，冷鏈物流運作就是“溫度控制”加“物流運作”的鏈式運作，既要抓好溫度控制，又要抓好運輸、倉儲等各環節作業銜接及其運作。

Cold chain process control is the key point of cold chain logistics operation. Through effective control of the process， the optimization of the cold chain operation process is realized. In a sense， cold chain logistics operation is a chain operation of "temperature control" plus "logistics operation". It is necessary to do a good job in temperature control， but also to do a good job in the connection and operation of various links such as transportation and warehousing.

參考資料：文字：重慶郵電大學李詩楊老師物流運作管理PPT；圖片：百度；翻譯：GooGle翻譯.

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